MRI Signal Void in Degenerated Canine Intervertebral Disks May Represent Mineralization or Gas

Accurate interpretation of intradiskal signal voids on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and improve diagnostic decision-making in canine spinal imaging. Gas accumulation within the degenerated canine intervertebral disk (IVD), known as vacuum phenomenon (VP), and IVD mineralization are common findings in computed tomography (CT), with distinctly different x-ray attenuation characteristics. In MRI, both appear as a signal void, which can complicate interpretation. We hypothesized that gas and mineralization would not differ in intensity values on MRI but would differ in location and shape when compared to CT. This exploratory retrospective multicenter study aims to assess the characteristics of VPs and mineralization in MRI, using CT as the gold standard. Imaging archives were searched for matching canine spinal CT and MRI performed within 48 h. Inclusion criteria included mineralization or gas in the IVD on CT images and available sagittal T2W-sequence MRI images of the same vertebral segment. Twenty-six studies were included, contributing 32 IVD spaces. The presence of IVD mineralization and gas in CT, along with the location, shape, and pixel-value of MRI signal intensity in IVD spaces, was recorded. No statistical differences were identified in pixel values between the groups (p = 0.5). However, there were significant changes in the location of the signal void compared to the recorded location in CT, particularly in VP (p = 0.03). These results emphasize that MRI T2 signal voids in canine IVDs may represent gas. No specific MRI characteristics allowed reliable prioritization of VP versus mineralization; therefore, both should be considered differential diagnoses when encountering intradiskal signal voids on MRI.

University of Edinburgh